en دیگر Others تحقيقي Original Paper <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Chemical analgesics often have limitations, including adverse effects and insufficient efficacy. Therefore, novel compounds with greater efficacy and a more favorable adverse-effect profile need to be investigated.<br> <b>Methods:</b> This experimental study evaluated the analgesic properties of <i>Rhaponticum repens</i> (RR) extract, a natural compound, using the formalin test in Wistar rats. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7): group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received morphine (10 mg/kg), and group 3 received RR (100 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after injection, formalin (2.5%) was injected into the hind paw of each rat to induce pain. Licking time and pain scores were recorded during the acute and chronic phases of the test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using Prism software, with statistical significance set at P &le; 0.05.<br> <b>Results:</b> RR extract significantly reduced licking time and pain scores compared with the control group (P&le;0.01 in the early phase, P&le;0.001 in the late phase, P&le;0.05and P&le;0.001 in the pain scores). In addition, the extent of hind paw edema was significantly reduced in both the morphine and RR extract groups (P&le;0.001).<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: These findings suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of RR exerts analgesic effects on both acute and chronic formalin-induced pain and may represent a potential alternative to chemical analgesics. However, further research is required to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential.</span></span></div> Formalin Test, Pain, Rhaponticum Repens, Morphine 0 0 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1857-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahsa Ranjbaran mahsaranjbaran9@gmail.com 0009-0008-9238-6022 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Siamak Yari s.yari@basu.ac.ir 0000-0002-0154-1429 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Roya Karamian karamian.roya@gmail.com 0000-0001-7342-3571 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Anahita Saeidi saeedianna@gmail.com 0009-0006-9492-132X No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran